4. Drawing of Framed Structure, Building Planning and Drawing, CE 4004 (Same as CC 4004)

Rajasthan Polytechnic (BTER) February 28, 2025

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Written by Garima Kanwar | Blog: Rajasthan Polytechnic

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Subject: Building Planning and Drawing, CE 4004 (Same as CC 4004)

Branch: Civil Engineering 🏗️
Semester: 4th Semester 📚

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4. Drawing of Framed Structure 🏗️

In a framed structure, the building's skeleton is made up of beams, columns, slabs, and other structural elements that support the entire building. This structure is more flexible and safer compared to load-bearing structures, especially for multi-storey buildings.

The framed structure involves creating detailed plans and drawings for the construction process, ensuring all parts are well-planned and can be constructed efficiently and safely.

4.1 Drawing of Two Storeyed Framed Structure (G+1) 🏠

A G+1 framed structure means the building has a ground floor (G) and first floor (1). It includes detailed plans for each floor, specifying the placement of beams, columns, slabs, and walls.

Example Layout for G+1 Structure:

  • Ground Floor (G): This floor typically includes living rooms, kitchens, bathrooms, and staircases.
  • First Floor (1): The first floor will have bedrooms, additional bathrooms, and possibly a balcony or a study.

This structure includes elements like:

  • Beams that support the slabs.
  • Columns that transfer the load from the beams to the foundation.

Example of G+1 Layout:

Ground Floor:
+------------------+------------------+
|  Living Room     |  Bedroom 1       |
|  (15x15 feet)    |  (12x12 feet)     |
+------------------+------------------+
|  Kitchen         |  Bathroom         |
|  (12x10 feet)    |  (6x8 feet)       |
+------------------+------------------+

First Floor:
+------------------+------------------+
|  Bedroom 2       |  Bedroom 3       |
|  (12x12 feet)    |  (12x12 feet)     |
+------------------+------------------+
|  Bathroom        |  Balcony          |
|  (6x8 feet)      |  (6x12 feet)      |
+------------------+------------------+

4.1.1 2 BHK Residential Building with Staircase 🏠🪜

A 2 BHK residential building consists of two bedrooms, a living room, kitchen, and bathroom(s). In this design, if the building is multi-storey, a staircase is provided for access between floors.

Staircase Design:

  • Rise (height of each step) and Tread (depth of each step) should be carefully planned to ensure ease of use.
    • Rise should typically be around 7 inches.
    • Tread should be around 10 inches for comfortable walking.

Example:

A 2 BHK building layout might look like this:

  • Ground Floor (G): Living room, kitchen, bathroom, and staircase.
  • First Floor (1): Two bedrooms and a bathroom.

4.2 Data Drawing 📐

A data drawing involves all the essential drawings that provide detailed information for construction. It consists of several parts like plans, elevations, sections, and more.

4.2.1 Developed Plan 📝

A developed plan is a detailed layout showing the exact placement of walls, rooms, doors, windows, staircases, and other features of the building.

It’s like a map of your building from the top, where you can see how the spaces are arranged.

Example of 2 BHK developed plan:

+--------------------+--------------------+
|   Bedroom 1        |   Bedroom 2        |
|   (12x12 feet)     |   (12x12 feet)     |
+--------------------+--------------------+
|   Living Room      | Kitchen            |
|   (15x15 feet)     | (10x8 feet)        |
+--------------------+--------------------+
|   Bathroom         | Staircase          |
|   (6x8 feet)       | (3x8 feet)         |
+--------------------+--------------------+

4.2.2 Elevation 🏢

Elevation refers to the view of the building from the outside. This is the vertical view, and it shows how the building looks from the front, back, or side.

It includes features like:

  • Windows, doors, and balconies.
  • The height of the building and its aesthetic features.

For example, the elevation of a G+1 building shows the ground floor and first floor, including window and door placements, roof details, etc.

4.2.3 Section 🛠️

A section drawing shows a vertical cut-through of the building, showing how the internal parts of the building are structured. It helps understand the construction of beams, columns, walls, and slabs.

For example:

  • A section passing through the staircase or bathroom will show how these spaces interact with other parts of the building.

4.2.4 Site Plan 🌍

A site plan represents the entire plot of land on which the building is constructed. It shows:

  • The boundary lines of the property.
  • The placement of the building.
  • Features like entrances, driveways, landscaping, and parked areas.

The site plan helps to understand how the building fits within the available space and how it relates to surrounding areas.

4.2.5 Schedule of Openings 🚪

A schedule of openings provides details about all the doors and windows in the building. This includes:

  • The sizes of windows and doors.
  • Their locations within the building.
  • The types of doors and windows (e.g., sliding, hinged).

4.2.6 Construction Notes with Specifications 📋

These notes provide detailed information on materials, methods, and standards to be followed during construction. It may include:

  • Concrete grades, such as M20 or M30 for foundation work.
  • Types of bricks, steel reinforcement details, and plastering specifications.
  • Information on the quality of materials to be used.

4.2.7 Area Statement 📏

An area statement outlines the sizes of different rooms and the total area of the building. This includes:

  • Room sizes (e.g., bedrooms, living rooms).
  • Total carpet area and built-up area.

4.2.8 Staircase Design 🪜

Designing a staircase is critical for ease of movement between floors. The two key components of staircase design are:

  • Rise: The height of each step. Generally, 7 inches is a comfortable rise.
  • Tread: The depth of each step. Typically, 10 inches provides good comfort while walking.

4.3 Working Drawing of Framed Structure 🏗️

A working drawing includes all detailed designs needed to construct the building. It is a technical drawing that gives accurate dimensions and specifications for construction.

4.3.1 Developed Plan 📝

The developed plan for a framed structure shows the exact placement of the load-bearing beams, columns, walls, doors, windows, and staircases. This helps in visualizing how the structure will come together.

4.3.2 Elevation 🏢

The elevation for a framed structure shows how the building will appear from the outside. This view includes the design of walls, windows, doors, roof, and other external features.

4.3.3 Section Passing Through Staircase or WC and Bath 🛁

This section shows the internal layout of the building, cutting through key areas like the staircase or bathroom. It helps in understanding the interaction between different structural components, such as beams, columns, and floors.

4.4 Foundation Plan of Framed Structure 🏗️

The foundation plan is one of the most important drawings. It specifies how the building's foundation will be constructed, including the type of foundation (e.g., strip foundation, pad foundation).

The plan shows:

  • The size and depth of the foundation.
  • The location of foundation beams or footings.
  • Reinforcement details like steel bars and grids.

4.5 Details of Structural Elements ⚙️

4.5.1 RCC Footing 🦶

RCC Footing is a type of foundation used to distribute the load of the building to the soil. It’s made of reinforced concrete (RCC) and usually supports columns.

Example:

  • Footing Size: 3x3 feet, and depth may be 1 foot depending on the load.

4.5.2 Column 🏛️

A column is a vertical structural element that carries loads from the beams to the foundation. Columns are usually made from reinforced concrete and vary in size depending on the building's load.

Example:

  • Column Size: 12x12 inches, placed at regular intervals to support beams.

4.5.3 Beam 🪶

A beam is a horizontal element that supports vertical loads. It spans between columns and transfers the load to the foundation.

Example:

  • Beam Size: 12 inches wide and 18 inches deep, designed to carry floor or ceiling loads.

4.5.4 Chajja 🏠

A chajja is an overhanging element above windows or doors to protect them from the sun and rain. It is typically made of concrete and is part of the building's aesthetic.

Example:

  • Chajja Size: Extends about 2 feet from the window to block sunlight.

4.5.5 Lintel 🔲

A lintel is a horizontal support that spans above doors or windows. It carries the load from above and prevents it from passing down to the opening.

Example:

  • Lintel Size: 6 feet long and 10 inches deep, made of reinforced concrete.

4.5.6 Staircase 🪜

A staircase connects different floors of a building. It includes risers (vertical components) and treads (horizontal components). The staircase design must ensure safe and comfortable movement.

Example:

  • Staircase Size: 12 steps, each with 7-inch rise and 10-inch tread.

4.5.7 Slab 🏠

A slab is a flat, horizontal surface that forms the ceiling or floor of a building. It is typically made from reinforced concrete and supports loads from above.

Example:

  • Slab Thickness: Usually 6 inches thick, reinforced with steel bars.

4.6 Drawing with CAD 🖥️

CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software helps in creating accurate and detailed architectural and structural drawings.

4.6.1 Draw Commands 📐

In CAD, draw commands help create basic shapes and lines for constructing the building’s layout. For example:

  • Line: Draws straight lines.
  • Circle: Draws circles for columns.

4.6.2 Modify Commands 🔄

Modify commands allow you to edit and adjust existing parts of the drawing. For example:

  • Trim: Cuts unwanted parts of lines.
  • Move: Changes the position of objects.

4.6.3 Layer Commands 📊

Layer commands organize different parts of the drawing into separate layers for better clarity. For example:

  • One layer for walls, one for electrical plans, and one for plumbing.

Conclusion 🏗️

The framed structure involves detailed planning, accurate designs, and precise execution. By understanding and following the various types of drawings such as developed plans, sections, elevations, and working drawings, one can ensure that the building is constructed efficiently, safely, and in accordance with all structural requirements. CAD software makes this process even more effective and efficient by allowing for precise and editable designs.

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Rajasthan Polytechnic (BTER)

Posted by Rajasthan Polytechnic (BTER)

Hi! I’m Garima Kanwar, founder of Rajasthan Polytechnic (BTER). This platform provides notes, PDFs, and video lectures for all Polytechnic branches (ME, CS, EE) and semesters to make learning easy .I ensure exam-focused, updated, and simple-to-understand content, along with academic updates and career guidance.

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