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Subject - Material Handling Systems (ME 40042 / MA/MP 40042)
Branch - Mechanical Engineering
Semester - 4th Semester
Mechanisms Used in Material Handling Equipment
Material handling equipment relies on various mechanisms to perform operations like lifting, moving, and positioning loads. These mechanisms ensure smooth, controlled, and efficient movement of materials.
5.1 Steady-State Motion, Starting & Stopping of Motion in Different Mechanisms
Material handling systems involve different types of motions, including:
✅ Steady-State Motion – Continuous movement at a constant speed.
✅ Starting Motion – Acceleration from rest to motion.
✅ Stopping Motion – Deceleration or braking to bring the system to rest.
A. Hoisting Mechanism
Purpose: Used to lift and lower loads vertically.
🔹 Components:
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Electric motor or hydraulic system – Provides power.
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Wire rope/chain & pulley system – Supports and moves the load.
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Brake system – Controls stopping motion.
🔹 Motion Control:
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Smooth acceleration prevents sudden jerks.
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Braking mechanism ensures safe stopping.
✅ Examples: Overhead cranes, tower cranes, hoists.
B. Lifting Mechanism
Purpose: Used to raise or lower loads over a short height.
🔹 Types of Lifting Mechanisms:
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Hydraulic lifting – Uses hydraulic pressure.
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Pneumatic lifting – Uses compressed air.
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Mechanical lifting – Uses gears and screw jacks.
🔹 Motion Control:
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Gradual speed increase for smooth lifting.
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Hydraulic dampers prevent sudden shocks.
✅ Examples: Forklifts, scissor lifts, industrial elevators.
C. Traveling Mechanism
Purpose: Used to move materials horizontally over a distance.
🔹 Types of Traveling Mechanisms:
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Rail-mounted mechanism – Used in bridge cranes and railway wagons.
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Wheel-based mechanism – Used in forklifts, AGVs (Automatic Guided Vehicles).
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Belt/Chain drive mechanism – Used in conveyor belts.
🔹 Motion Control:
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Gradual acceleration prevents sudden starts.
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Friction brakes & electromagnetic brakes ensure smooth stopping.
✅ Examples: Gantry cranes, conveyors, material transport carts.
5.2 Selection of Material Handling Equipment
Choosing the right material handling equipment depends on various factors, including load type, capacity, and movement requirements.
Factors Affecting the Choice of Material Handling Equipment
1. Type of Load
🔹 Size & Shape – Bulky loads require forklifts or cranes, while small items suit conveyors.
🔹 Weight – Heavy loads need hoists & hydraulic lifts, whereas light loads can use manual trolleys.
🔹 Fragility – Delicate loads like glass require vacuum lifters or cushioned conveyors.
2. Hourly Capacity of the Unit
🔹 High-volume operations need automated conveyor belts or AGVs.
🔹 Low-volume operations may use manual handling equipment.
3. Direction & Length of Travel
🔹 Short-distance movement – Forklifts, scissor lifts, or pallet jacks.
🔹 Long-distance movement – Conveyor belts, AGVs, or rail-guided systems.
🔹 Vertical movement – Hoists, elevators, or hydraulic lifts.
Conclusion
Material handling equipment involves hoisting, lifting, and traveling mechanisms, each requiring controlled motion for safe and efficient operation. Choosing the right equipment depends on load type, movement distance, and required capacity, ensuring optimized material handling in industries.
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