5. Perspective Drawing, Building Planning and Drawing, CE 4004 (Same as CC 4004)

Rajasthan Polytechnic (BTER) February 28, 2025

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Written by Garima Kanwar | Blog: Rajasthan Polytechnic

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Subject: Building Planning and Drawing, CE 4004 (Same as CC 4004)

Branch: Civil Engineering 🏗️
Semester: 4th Semester 📚

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5. Perspective Drawing ✏️

5.1 Definition
Perspective drawing is a technique used to represent three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface (like paper or a screen) in a way that looks realistic. The goal is to make objects appear as they do in real life, with proper depth, size, and distance.

  • Why it matters?
    It helps artists, architects, engineers, and designers create realistic drawings, making objects look natural and proportional when viewed from different angles. 🏙️

5.2 Types of Perspective

There are several types of perspective used in drawing:

  1. One-Point Perspective
    • Used when the object is facing directly toward you.
    • All lines converge at a single point on the horizon.
    • Example: A road going into the distance looks like it gets smaller and smaller. 🛣️
  2. Two-Point Perspective
    • Used when the object is at an angle (not facing you directly).
    • It has two vanishing points on the horizon line.
    • Example: A building seen from the corner. 🏢
  3. Three-Point Perspective
    • Used when looking at a tall object from a high or low angle.
    • It has three vanishing points: two on the horizon line and one above or below.
    • Example: Looking up at a skyscraper. 🏙️

5.3 Terms Used in Perspective Drawing

Understanding these terms is important for creating accurate perspective drawings:

  • Horizon Line 🌅: The horizontal line that represents the viewer's eye level.
  • Vanishing Point (VP) 🌍: The point where parallel lines seem to converge (disappear).
  • Eye Level 👀: The height from which you are viewing the object (it’s the same as the horizon line).
  • Orthogonal Lines ➗: Lines that go towards the vanishing point (e.g., edges of roads or buildings).
  • Ground Line 🛤️: The line where the objects sit on the surface (usually the base of the drawing).
  • Station Point (SP) 🔭: The point where the viewer is located in the drawing.

5.4 Principles Used in Perspective Drawing

Here are some key principles to follow when creating perspective drawings:

  1. Objects appear smaller as they get further from the viewer. This is called diminishing size. For example, objects far in the distance appear tiny, like a car on a long road.

  2. Parallel lines appear to converge as they go further into the distance. The lines seem to meet at a vanishing point.

  3. The horizon line is at eye level, which determines the position of the vanishing points.

  4. Objects closer to the eye level seem larger while those further from it look smaller. This helps create a sense of depth in the drawing.

5.5 Two-Point Perspective of Small Objects 🎨

Two-point perspective is one of the most commonly used techniques for drawing objects at an angle.

5.5.1 Steps for Drawing in Two-Point Perspective

Let’s go through a simple example of drawing a box using two-point perspective:

  1. Draw the Horizon Line (HL): Start by drawing a horizontal line to represent the viewer's eye level.

  2. Mark the Two Vanishing Points (VP1 and VP2): Place two points on the horizon line, far apart from each other. These will be the points where parallel lines appear to converge.

  3. Draw the Front Corner of the Object: Now, draw a vertical line where you want the object to be located.

  4. Draw the Lines from Each Vanishing Point: From the top and bottom of the front corner, draw lines to both vanishing points. These lines should converge toward the VPs.

  5. Complete the Shape: Draw vertical lines at the ends of the converging lines to complete the shape of the object.

  6. Add Details: Once the basic shape is drawn, you can add windows, doors, and other details. You can also shade the object to give it a 3D effect.

5.5.2 Monuments 🏛️

When drawing monuments or large buildings in two-point perspective, follow the same steps, but with larger dimensions:

  1. Start with a Strong Horizon Line: Monuments tend to be taller, so make sure your horizon line is high enough.
  2. Identify the Corner and Use Vanishing Points: Place the corner of the monument on the horizon line, and extend the lines towards the two vanishing points.
  3. Shape and Details: Monuments have intricate details like columns, arches, or spires, so make sure to represent these in a realistic way by aligning them with the perspective.

Example: The Eiffel Tower is often drawn using two-point perspective, as it appears to have two edges that recede into the distance. 🗼

5.5.3 Pedestals 🏛️

Pedestals are simpler objects but can still be drawn in two-point perspective:

  1. Draw the Base: Start by drawing the base of the pedestal, keeping it aligned with the horizon line.
  2. Use Vanishing Points: Extend the lines of the pedestal's edges toward the vanishing points.
  3. Create the Height: Make the pedestal as tall as needed, using vertical lines that are perpendicular to the horizon line.
  4. Detailing: Add any details like columns or carvings to the pedestal by following the perspective lines.

Example: The Statue of Liberty's pedestal can be represented using two-point perspective, where the base is drawn at an angle and lines converge toward the vanishing points.

Conclusion 📝

By following these steps and understanding the principles of perspective, you can draw more realistic and proportional representations of objects, whether they are simple shapes like boxes or more complex structures like monuments and pedestals. Keep practicing and using these methods, and you'll improve your perspective drawing skills in no time!

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Rajasthan Polytechnic (BTER)

Posted by Rajasthan Polytechnic (BTER)

Hi! I’m Garima Kanwar, founder of Rajasthan Polytechnic (BTER). This platform provides notes, PDFs, and video lectures for all Polytechnic branches (ME, CS, EE) and semesters to make learning easy .I ensure exam-focused, updated, and simple-to-understand content, along with academic updates and career guidance.

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