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For 4th Semester Polytechnic CE Students
Written by Garima Kanwar | Blog: Rajasthan Polytechnic
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Subject: Building Planning and Drawing, CE 4004 (Same as CC 4004)
Branch: Civil Engineering 🏗️
Semester: 4th Semester 📚
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Drawing of Load Bearing Structure 🏗️
A load-bearing structure is one where the walls are designed to bear the load of the building, including the roof, floors, and other elements. Below, we will explore how to draw and design different components of a single-story load-bearing residential building, especially a 2 BHK with a staircase. Each of these drawings is important for accurately constructing a building while ensuring safety and functionality.
3.1 Drawing of Single Storey Load Bearing Residential Building (2 BHK) with Staircase 🏠
A 2 BHK residential building usually includes two bedrooms, a living room, a kitchen, and a bathroom. The staircase leads to the upper floors (if any). For a single-storey building, we only have one floor, but it is still important to plan everything carefully to ensure space is used efficiently.
Example:
- 2 BHK floor plan includes:
- 2 Bedrooms
- 1 Kitchen
- 1 Living Room
- 1 Bathroom
- 1 Staircase (if applicable for future expansion or upper floors)
3.2 Data Drawing 📐
A data drawing represents the fundamental components of a building plan, which include a plan, elevation, section, site plan, and other critical details. These elements are used by architects and engineers to visualize the structure and ensure accurate construction.
3.2.1 Plan 📝
Definition: A plan is a bird's-eye view of the building. It shows how the building will be laid out from the top, indicating walls, doors, windows, rooms, and other features.
Example: A 2 BHK plan may show two bedrooms, a living room, kitchen, bathroom, and staircase, with dimensions and location of windows and doors.
Plan Diagram Example:
3.2.2 Elevation 🏢
Definition: An elevation is a view of the building from one side. It shows the height of the building, roof slope, windows, doors, and other vertical details.
Example: The front elevation of a 2 BHK house shows the door, windows, roof type (pitched or flat), and the materials used (brick, concrete).
Elevation Diagram Example:
3.2.3 Section 🛠️
Definition: A section is a cut-through view of the building, showing how different parts of the structure (like walls, floors, and ceilings) are stacked on top of each other.
Example: A section passing through the bathroom and staircase can show how the walls are constructed, the thickness of the floor slab, and the ceiling height.
Section Diagram Example:
3.2.4 Site Plan 🌍
Definition: A site plan shows the location of the building on the land, including setbacks (distance from boundaries), entrances, driveways, and any outdoor structures.
Example: A site plan will include the layout of the building on a plot, garden space, parking areas, and possibly trees or other outdoor features.
Site Plan Example:
3.2.5 Schedule of Openings 🚪
Definition: A schedule of openings lists the sizes, types, and locations of all doors and windows in the building.
Example: For a 2 BHK house, it will list all doors (main, bedroom, bathroom) and windows (living room, kitchen, bedrooms), with dimensions for each.
Schedule Example:
| Opening Type | Location | Size |
|---|---|---|
| Door | Main Entrance | 6x8 feet |
| Window | Bedroom 1 | 4x4 feet |
| Window | Kitchen | 3x4 feet |
| Door | Bathroom | 3x7 feet |
3.2.6 Construction Notes with Specifications 📝
Definition: These are detailed notes about the materials, finishes, and techniques used in construction.
Example: Specifications for a 2 BHK house could include concrete type for foundation, brick for walls, wood for doors, and flooring materials.
3.2.7 Area Statement 📏
Definition: The area statement provides the areas of different parts of the building (rooms, common spaces, etc.).
Example: In a 2 BHK house, the area statement will list the total area for each bedroom, the living room, kitchen, bathroom, and the entire building.
Area Statement Example:
| Room Name | Area (in sq. ft.) |
|---|---|
| Bedroom 1 | 120 |
| Bedroom 2 | 120 |
| Living Room | 225 |
| Kitchen | 100 |
| Bathroom | 48 |
| Total Area | 600 |
3.2.8 Planning and Design of Staircase: Rise and Tread for Residential and Public Building 🪜
Definition: The rise refers to the vertical distance between steps, while the tread is the horizontal part of the step that you step on.
Standard Dimensions:
- Rise: 7 inches (typically)
- Tread: 10 inches (typically)
Example: In a residential staircase, the rise and tread should be designed for comfort and safety. Too high a rise or too narrow a tread can cause discomfort or accidents.
3.3 Working Drawing 🛠️
A working drawing is a set of detailed drawings that guide the actual construction process. It includes all necessary dimensions, material specifications, and construction methods.
3.4.1 Developed Plan 🏗️
- Definition: A developed plan shows a more detailed, complete layout of the building with dimensions and placements for all walls, doors, and windows.
3.4.2 Elevation 🏢
- Definition: A detailed elevation showing all building heights, roof slopes, and external features.
3.4.3 Section Passing Through Staircase or WC and Bath 🚪
- Definition: A section specifically through areas like the staircase or bathrooms, showing internal details such as structural elements, ceiling height, and floor finishes.
3.5 Foundation Plan of Load Bearing Structure 🏗️
Definition: The foundation plan shows the layout of the building’s foundation. For a load-bearing structure, this includes wall footings, columns, and slab thickness.
Example: A foundation plan will include the type of foundation (strip footing, pad footing, etc.), the depth of excavation, and the materials used.
Foundation Plan Example:
Conclusion 🏗️
Each of these drawings plays a vital role in constructing a building, ensuring it is safe, functional, and meets all legal requirements. From the floor plan to the foundation plan, every detail is designed to make the structure efficient and sustainable. These drawings are essential for the work of architects, engineers, and builders, providing clear guidance throughout the building process.
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